Charlotte, Emily and Anne Bronte
The Bronte family tree
середа, 19 жовтня 2016 р.
10 facts you probably didn’t know about Charlotte Brontë
1. Early fans of Jane Eyre included Queen Victoria, who referred to it as "that intensely interesting novel," and Vanity Fair author William Makepeace Thackeray, who said he had "lost (or won if you like) a whole day in reading it."
2. Charlotte's sisters objected to Jane Eyre's plainness, arguing that the public would not embrace an unattractive heroine. Charlotte adamantly refused to make Jane beautiful.
3. Two years after her death in 1855, Charlotte's friend Elizabeth Gaskell published a biography about her called Life of Charlotte Brontë. Gaskell was commissioned to write the book by Charlotte's father, Patrick, and it became a bestseller.
4. From childhood into their teen years, the Brontë siblings invented an elaborate world inspired by Branwell's toy soldiers. They established countries (Charlotte and Branwell called theirs Angria) and wrote tiny books and magazines for the soldiers.
5. Some of the toy soldiers' tiny manuscripts still exist today. La Musée des Lettres et Manuscrits - a Paris museum - purchased a booklet entitled Young Men's Magazines for £690,850 in 2011. Written by Brontë at the age of 14, it consists of over 4,000 words written on 19 pages.
6. Charlotte had few memories of her mother Maria, who died when she was only five years old. One of Charlotte's memories is walking past a door and seeing her mother playing with her then baby brother, Branwell.
7. Brontë was proposed to by four different men and rejected all of them. She later changed her mind about her final suitor, her father's colleague Arthur Nicholls, and married him.
8. Brontë died eight months after her wedding, at the age of 38. Scholar Claire Harman believes she was pregnant and afflicted with a severe form of morning sickness now known as hyperemesis gravidarum. Kate Middleton also suffered from the rare condition during her pregnancies.
9. Before publishing Jane Eyre, Charlotte was a teacher and governess. She hated the career and treated her students with disdain.
10. Charlotte spent most of her life living at her father's parsonage on a remote English moor near Haworth, which she described as "a strange uncivilised little place." She and her siblings wrote Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey in the dining room within the same year.
2. Charlotte's sisters objected to Jane Eyre's plainness, arguing that the public would not embrace an unattractive heroine. Charlotte adamantly refused to make Jane beautiful.
3. Two years after her death in 1855, Charlotte's friend Elizabeth Gaskell published a biography about her called Life of Charlotte Brontë. Gaskell was commissioned to write the book by Charlotte's father, Patrick, and it became a bestseller.
4. From childhood into their teen years, the Brontë siblings invented an elaborate world inspired by Branwell's toy soldiers. They established countries (Charlotte and Branwell called theirs Angria) and wrote tiny books and magazines for the soldiers.
5. Some of the toy soldiers' tiny manuscripts still exist today. La Musée des Lettres et Manuscrits - a Paris museum - purchased a booklet entitled Young Men's Magazines for £690,850 in 2011. Written by Brontë at the age of 14, it consists of over 4,000 words written on 19 pages.
6. Charlotte had few memories of her mother Maria, who died when she was only five years old. One of Charlotte's memories is walking past a door and seeing her mother playing with her then baby brother, Branwell.
7. Brontë was proposed to by four different men and rejected all of them. She later changed her mind about her final suitor, her father's colleague Arthur Nicholls, and married him.
8. Brontë died eight months after her wedding, at the age of 38. Scholar Claire Harman believes she was pregnant and afflicted with a severe form of morning sickness now known as hyperemesis gravidarum. Kate Middleton also suffered from the rare condition during her pregnancies.
9. Before publishing Jane Eyre, Charlotte was a teacher and governess. She hated the career and treated her students with disdain.
10. Charlotte spent most of her life living at her father's parsonage on a remote English moor near Haworth, which she described as "a strange uncivilised little place." She and her siblings wrote Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey in the dining room within the same year.
вівторок, 18 жовтня 2016 р.
Jane Eyre Quotes
“I am no bird; and no net ensnares me: I am a free human being with an independent will.”
― Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
“I would always rather be happy than dignified.”
― Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
“Life appears to me too short to be spent in nursing animosity or registering wrongs.”
― Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
“I care for myself. The more solitary, the more friendless, the more unsustained I am, the more I will respect myself.”
― Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
“If all the world hated you and believed you wicked, while your own conscience approved of you and absolved you from guilt, you would not be without friends.”
― Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
― Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
“I would always rather be happy than dignified.”
― Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
“Life appears to me too short to be spent in nursing animosity or registering wrongs.”
― Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
“I care for myself. The more solitary, the more friendless, the more unsustained I am, the more I will respect myself.”
― Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
“If all the world hated you and believed you wicked, while your own conscience approved of you and absolved you from guilt, you would not be without friends.”
― Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre
Jane Eyre. Plot overview
Jane Eyre, an orphan, lives with her abusive aunt, Sarah Reed, and her mean-spirited cousins, John, Eliza, and Georgiana, at Gateshead Hall.
She is sent away to the Lowood School where the conditions are very harsh. Jane befriends a fellow student, Helen Burns, and Miss Temple, a teacher. When Helen Burns dies, and Miss Temple marries, Jane decides to leave Lowood, and secures a job as a governess at Thornfield.
At Thornfield, Jane’s duties are to teach the master’s foster child Adele Varens. Although he has a brusque manner, Jane finds the master, Edward Fairfax Rochester, attractive and fascinating.
One night Jane is awakened by strange noises. Seeing smoke coming from Mr. Rochester’s room, she runs in and throws water on the fire, awakening him. He leads Jane to believe that it is Grace Poole, a servant, who caused the damage.
Meanwhile, Mr. Rochester apparently pursues Blanche Ingram, a local beauty, while Jane’s love for him continues to grow.
Jane leaves Thornfield to visit the dying Mrs. Reed, who tells her that John Eyre, her father’s brother, is trying to contact her.
When Jane returns to Thornfield, Mr. Rochester switches his affections from Blanche to Jane, and proposes marriage. The wedding ceremony is interrupted by Mr. Briggs, who claims that Mr. Rochester is already married. The mad Bertha Rochester, who is locked away on the third floor of Thornfield, is exposed to Jane. Jane flees, and arrives at Moor House where she is taken in by St. John Rivers, a minister. Jane receives an inheritance from her uncle, John Eyre. St. John Rivers proposes marriage to Jane, but she declines since she still has Mr. Rochester on her mind.
Jane returns to Thornfield and discovers it has burned to the ground. It seems that Bertha Rochester set the fire and died in it, while Mr. Rochester suffered a mangled hand that had to be amputated and has been left blind. Jane reunites with Mr. Rochester at Ferndean, his current home, and they marry. Ten years pass, and Jane tells us how contented she is with married life, Mr. Rochester has regained partial vision in one eye, and they have a newborn son.
As an orphan, Jane’s status is the lowest in the social class system. Because of her status (of which she is constantly reminded as a child) she strives to better herself through education and employment. During her struggles, Jane observes the other classes, including the religious zealots, with great insight and comes to recognize the many hypocrisies of the characters.
Emotionally, Jane is a lonely and ostracized child who recognizes her need for love and actively searches for it throughout her life, eventually finding her home with Mr. Rochester. Her search not only teaches her the true essence of love, but also enables her to raise her social position through hard work and the financial inheritance she receives.
She is sent away to the Lowood School where the conditions are very harsh. Jane befriends a fellow student, Helen Burns, and Miss Temple, a teacher. When Helen Burns dies, and Miss Temple marries, Jane decides to leave Lowood, and secures a job as a governess at Thornfield.
At Thornfield, Jane’s duties are to teach the master’s foster child Adele Varens. Although he has a brusque manner, Jane finds the master, Edward Fairfax Rochester, attractive and fascinating.
One night Jane is awakened by strange noises. Seeing smoke coming from Mr. Rochester’s room, she runs in and throws water on the fire, awakening him. He leads Jane to believe that it is Grace Poole, a servant, who caused the damage.
Meanwhile, Mr. Rochester apparently pursues Blanche Ingram, a local beauty, while Jane’s love for him continues to grow.
Jane leaves Thornfield to visit the dying Mrs. Reed, who tells her that John Eyre, her father’s brother, is trying to contact her.
When Jane returns to Thornfield, Mr. Rochester switches his affections from Blanche to Jane, and proposes marriage. The wedding ceremony is interrupted by Mr. Briggs, who claims that Mr. Rochester is already married. The mad Bertha Rochester, who is locked away on the third floor of Thornfield, is exposed to Jane. Jane flees, and arrives at Moor House where she is taken in by St. John Rivers, a minister. Jane receives an inheritance from her uncle, John Eyre. St. John Rivers proposes marriage to Jane, but she declines since she still has Mr. Rochester on her mind.
Jane returns to Thornfield and discovers it has burned to the ground. It seems that Bertha Rochester set the fire and died in it, while Mr. Rochester suffered a mangled hand that had to be amputated and has been left blind. Jane reunites with Mr. Rochester at Ferndean, his current home, and they marry. Ten years pass, and Jane tells us how contented she is with married life, Mr. Rochester has regained partial vision in one eye, and they have a newborn son.
As an orphan, Jane’s status is the lowest in the social class system. Because of her status (of which she is constantly reminded as a child) she strives to better herself through education and employment. During her struggles, Jane observes the other classes, including the religious zealots, with great insight and comes to recognize the many hypocrisies of the characters.
Emotionally, Jane is a lonely and ostracized child who recognizes her need for love and actively searches for it throughout her life, eventually finding her home with Mr. Rochester. Her search not only teaches her the true essence of love, but also enables her to raise her social position through hard work and the financial inheritance she receives.
The most famous creation
The one and only novel that had immediate commercial success and initially received favourable reviews was novel "Jane Eyre" published on 16 October 1847, by Smith, Elder & Co. of London, England, under the pen name "Currer Bell". The first American edition was published the following year by Harper & Brothers of New York.
Primarily of the Bildungsroman genre, Jane Eyre follows the emotions and experiences of its eponymous heroine, including her growth to adulthood and her love for Mr. Rochester. In its internalisation of the action—the focus is on the gradual unfolding of Jane's moral and spiritual sensibility, and all the events are coloured by a heightened intensity that was previously the domain of poetry—Jane Eyre revolutionised the art of fiction. Charlotte Brontë has been called the 'first historian of the private consciousness' and the literary ancestor of writers like Joyce and Proust. The novel contains elements of social criticism, with a strong sense of morality at its core, but is nonetheless a novel many consider ahead of its time given the individualistic character of Jane and the novel's exploration of classism, sexuality, religion, and proto-feminism.
Primarily of the Bildungsroman genre, Jane Eyre follows the emotions and experiences of its eponymous heroine, including her growth to adulthood and her love for Mr. Rochester. In its internalisation of the action—the focus is on the gradual unfolding of Jane's moral and spiritual sensibility, and all the events are coloured by a heightened intensity that was previously the domain of poetry—Jane Eyre revolutionised the art of fiction. Charlotte Brontë has been called the 'first historian of the private consciousness' and the literary ancestor of writers like Joyce and Proust. The novel contains elements of social criticism, with a strong sense of morality at its core, but is nonetheless a novel many consider ahead of its time given the individualistic character of Jane and the novel's exploration of classism, sexuality, religion, and proto-feminism.
Other translations and film adaptation
The novel has been adapted into a number of popular forms, including film, television and theatre. However, perhaps more importantly, the novel has been the centre of a number of rewritings and reinterpretations.
Here you can watch a modern film made by famous American director Cary Fukunaga in Ukrainian translation: http://moviestape.com/katalog_filmiv/drama/1946-dzheyn-eyr.html
Also there is a link where you can read Ukrainian book adaptation by Peter Sokolowski: http://libruk.in.ua/sharlotta-bronte-dzhejn-ejr
Here you can watch a modern film made by famous American director Cary Fukunaga in Ukrainian translation: http://moviestape.com/katalog_filmiv/drama/1946-dzheyn-eyr.html
Also there is a link where you can read Ukrainian book adaptation by Peter Sokolowski: http://libruk.in.ua/sharlotta-bronte-dzhejn-ejr
First and last publication
In May 1846 Charlotte, Emily and Anne self-financed the publication of a joint collection of poems under their assumed names Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. The pseudonyms veiled the sisters' gender while preserving their initials; thus Charlotte was Currer Bell. "Bell" was the middle name of Haworth's curate, Arthur Bell Nicholls whom Charlotte later married, and "Currer" was the surname of Frances Mary Richardson Currer who had funded their school (and maybe their father).
Although only two copies of the collection of poems were sold, the sisters continued writing for publication and began their first novels, continuing to use their fake names when sending manuscripts to potential publishers.
Charlotte wrote the novel "The Professor", Emily - "Wuthering Heights" and Anne - "Agnes Grey". The last two novels have found publishers, a "The Professor" was rejected by all. Nevertheless Charlotte continued his literary career with passion. In October1849 appeared her new novel "Jane Eyre", which immediately brought her success and was translated into many European languages.
"Shirley," Charlotte Bronte second novel was written because of the sad circumstances in the life of the writer - in September1848 her brother died. In December1848 Emilia died, and in May1849 - Anna. When after the onset of the second novel pseudonym of Charlotte Bronte was uncovered, all the doors were opened for Charlotte in the best literary circles of London, but she used to be lonely girl who displeased attention, and she spent most of the time in the old church. In 1853 appeared her last novel "Vilyett".
Although only two copies of the collection of poems were sold, the sisters continued writing for publication and began their first novels, continuing to use their fake names when sending manuscripts to potential publishers.
Charlotte wrote the novel "The Professor", Emily - "Wuthering Heights" and Anne - "Agnes Grey". The last two novels have found publishers, a "The Professor" was rejected by all. Nevertheless Charlotte continued his literary career with passion. In October1849 appeared her new novel "Jane Eyre", which immediately brought her success and was translated into many European languages.
"Shirley," Charlotte Bronte second novel was written because of the sad circumstances in the life of the writer - in September1848 her brother died. In December1848 Emilia died, and in May1849 - Anna. When after the onset of the second novel pseudonym of Charlotte Bronte was uncovered, all the doors were opened for Charlotte in the best literary circles of London, but she used to be lonely girl who displeased attention, and she spent most of the time in the old church. In 1853 appeared her last novel "Vilyett".
середа, 12 жовтня 2016 р.
Biography of Chalotte Bronte
Charlotte Bronte (21 April 1816 – 31 March 1855) was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Bronte sisters who survived into adulthood and whose novels have become classics of English literature. She first published her works under the pen name Currer Bell.
Her father was Reverend Patrick Bronte. Her mother was Maria. They had 6 children. However two girls, Maria Bronte and Elizabeth Bronte died when they were children.
In the early 19th century the Industrial Revolution was transforming life in Britain. In the north of England industrial towns were booming. However in 1820 Charlotte Bronte's family moved to a moorland village called Haworth. Her mother died in 1821. Her mother's sister Elizabeth moved to Yorkshire to look after the children.
In 1824 Charlotte Bronte and her sister Emily were sent to join two older sisters Maria and Elizabeth at the Clergy Daughters School in Cowan Bridge in Lancashire. However in 1825 Maria and Elizabeth Bronte both died of tuberculosis. Charlotte and Emily Bronte returned home. Afterwards they were educated at home for some years. In 1831-32 Charlotte Bronte went to Margaret Wooler's school near Dewsbury. Meanwhile Charlotte loved writing and painting.
In 1835 Charlotte Bronte went to work at Wooler's school as a teacher. She worked there till 1838. Then in 1839 Charlotte began working as a governess. However in 1842 her aunt provided the money for her and her sister Emily to study in Brussels. Charlotte Bronte returned to Yorkshire in 1844. Then in 1846 Charlotte, Emily and Anne Bronte published some of their poems.
Charlotte Bronte wrote a story called Jane Eyre. It was published in 1847. Charlotte 's second work Shirley was published in 1848. The third book by Charlotte Bronte was Villette published in 1853. In 1854 Charlotte Bronte married a man named Arthur Bell Nicholls.
Charlotte became pregnant soon after her wedding, but her health declined rapidly and she was attacked by "sensations of perpetual nausea and ever-recurring faintness." She died, with her unborn child, on 31 March 1855, aged 38, three weeks before her 39th birthday. Charlotte Bronte was buried in Haworth.
Her father was Reverend Patrick Bronte. Her mother was Maria. They had 6 children. However two girls, Maria Bronte and Elizabeth Bronte died when they were children.
In the early 19th century the Industrial Revolution was transforming life in Britain. In the north of England industrial towns were booming. However in 1820 Charlotte Bronte's family moved to a moorland village called Haworth. Her mother died in 1821. Her mother's sister Elizabeth moved to Yorkshire to look after the children.
In 1824 Charlotte Bronte and her sister Emily were sent to join two older sisters Maria and Elizabeth at the Clergy Daughters School in Cowan Bridge in Lancashire. However in 1825 Maria and Elizabeth Bronte both died of tuberculosis. Charlotte and Emily Bronte returned home. Afterwards they were educated at home for some years. In 1831-32 Charlotte Bronte went to Margaret Wooler's school near Dewsbury. Meanwhile Charlotte loved writing and painting.
In 1835 Charlotte Bronte went to work at Wooler's school as a teacher. She worked there till 1838. Then in 1839 Charlotte began working as a governess. However in 1842 her aunt provided the money for her and her sister Emily to study in Brussels. Charlotte Bronte returned to Yorkshire in 1844. Then in 1846 Charlotte, Emily and Anne Bronte published some of their poems.
Charlotte Bronte wrote a story called Jane Eyre. It was published in 1847. Charlotte 's second work Shirley was published in 1848. The third book by Charlotte Bronte was Villette published in 1853. In 1854 Charlotte Bronte married a man named Arthur Bell Nicholls.
Charlotte became pregnant soon after her wedding, but her health declined rapidly and she was attacked by "sensations of perpetual nausea and ever-recurring faintness." She died, with her unborn child, on 31 March 1855, aged 38, three weeks before her 39th birthday. Charlotte Bronte was buried in Haworth.
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